Write out the basic concept of the screenplay.
List the NOUNS in your basic Concept. These are the Elements from which the Dramatic Potential, and thus, Narrative Dynamics flow.
My story is about:
Flaw
Fear
Paradox
Humanity
Main Characteristic
Goal
Character Introduction
Character Arc
Flaw
Fear
Paradox
Humanity
Main Characteristic
Goal
Character Introduction
Character Relationship
Myth-Based
Ordinary World
Call to Adventure
Refusal
Meeting with the Mentor
Crossing the Threshold
Character-Based
Hook
Inciting Incident
Central Question
Reaction to the Central Question
Myth-Based
Tests, Allies, Enemies
Approach to Inmost Cave
Ordeal
Reward (Seizing the Sword)
The Road Back
Character-Based
First Big Hurdle
Apex
False Happy Ending
Low Point
Myth-Based
Resurrection
Return with Elixir
Character-Based
Ending
For each noun use an accompanying adjective that will help create contrast and heighten the inherent conflict between elements.
Through the unfolding events in my story, I will teach the audience:
Given the theme I’m exploring, a good opening image for my film might be:
The trait that constantly puts the character into conflict with the world around him. For maximum effectiveness, the Hero’s strength is also his flaw.
Usually a product of the Flaw. Gives the character a weakness and a reason that he would hesitate when receiving the Call to Adventure.
The Paradox is in conflict with the Main Characteristic. It would be the thing the Audience would be the most surprised to discover about the Hero. The Paradox is often difficult to pick because it opposes the Main Characteristic while at the same time supporting it.
What makes the Audience identify with the character? This can be any Human Quality you identify with - honesty, compassion, love, desire. It can also be darker if done right. Greed, pettiness, conniving, scheming - these are things we identify with as well.
This defines a character’s attitudes and responses to the world around him. This characteristic should be Extreme. The most satisfying characters are those that stop at nothing to achieve their goals.
The Main Objective of the Character, even if the character does not recognize it at the time.
Often the goal can change as the movie moves forward. The Hero will not start with the same goal as he ends up with.
My main character’s goal is this:
When we first meet my main character, he/she will be doing this:
At the beginning of the movie the main character is not capable of doing this (something related to the flaw and theme):
The trait that constantly puts the character into conflict with the world around him. For maximum effectiveness, the Hero’s strength is also his flaw.
Usually a product of the Flaw. Gives the character a weakness and a reason that he would hesitate when receiving the Call to Adventure.
The Paradox is in conflict with the Main Characteristic. It would be the thing the Audience would be the most surprised to discover about the Hero. The Paradox is often difficult to pick because it opposes the Main Characteristic while at the same time supporting it.
What makes the Audience identify with the character? This can be any Human Quality you identify with - honesty, compassion, love, desire. It can also be darker if done right. Greed, pettiness, conniving, scheming - these are things we identify with as well.
This defines a character’s attitudes and responses to the world around him. This characteristic should be Extreme. The most satisfying characters are those that stop at nothing to achieve their goals.
The Main Objective of the Character, even if the character does not recognize it at the time.
Often the goal can change as the movie moves forward. The Hero will not start with the same goal as he ends up with.
My main character’s goal is this:
When we first meet my main character, he/she will be doing this:
How is this character related to the main character? (Do they want the same things? Opposing things? Etc…)
pp. 1 - 5 (/120)
Hook the audience into the story, capture their attention.
Can be the birth of the flaw, power of the antagonist, creatively introduce the hero’s world.
This is where the Hero exists before his present story begins, oblivious of the adventures to come. It’s his safe place. His everyday life where we learn crucial details about our Hero, his true nature, capabilities, and outlook on life. This anchors the Hero as a human, just like you and me, and makes it easier for us to identify with him and hence later, empathize with his plight.
pg. 10 (/120)
The incident that throws the main character into the story. No turning back now, even if the hero doesn’t realize it.
Overturns the hero’s world.
The Hero’s adventure begins when he receives a call to action, such as direct threat to his safety, his family, his way of life or to the peace of the community in which he lives. It may not be as dramatic as a gunshot, but simply a phone call or conversation but whatever the call is, and however it manifests itself, it ultimately disrupts the comfort of the Hero’s Ordinary World and presents a challenge or quest that must be undertaken.
Although the Hero may be eager to accept the quest, at this stage he will have fears that need overcoming. Second thoughts or even deep personal doubts as to whether or not he is up to the challenge. When this happens, the Hero will refuse the call and as a result may suffer somehow. The problem he faces may seem too much to handle and the comfort bond further with the reluctant Hero.
pg. 17 (/120)
The main story question that will be explored throughout the rest of the movie.
Usually a plot question that implies a thematic question as well as a character question relating to the flaw.
At this crucial turning point where the Hero desperately needs guidance he meets a mentor figure who gives him something he needs. He could be given an object of great importance, insight into the dilemma he faces, wise advice, practical training or even self-confidence. Whatever the mentor provides the Hero with it serves to dispel his doubts and fears and give him the strength and courage to begin his quest.
The Hero is now ready to act upon his call to adventure and truly begin his quest, whether it be physical, spiritual, or emotional. He may go willingly or he may be pushed, but either way he finally crosses the threshold between the world he is familiar with and that which he is not. It may be leaving home for the first time in his life or just doing something he has always been scared to do. However the threshold presents itself, this action signifies the Hero’s commitment to his journey and whatever it may have in store for him.
pg. 30 (/120)
This is the Hero’s first attempt to answer the Central Question. The flaw isn’t even addressed at this point.
Now finally out of his comfort zone, the Hero is confronted with an ever more difficult series of challenges that test him in a variety of ways. Obstacles are thrown across his path; whether they be physical hurdles or people bent on thwarting his progress, the Hero must overcome each challenge he is presented with on the journey toward his ultimate goal.
The Hero needs to find out who can be trusted and who can’t. He may earn allies and meet enemies who will, each in their own way, help prepare him for the greater ordeals yet to come. This is the stage where his skills and/or powers are tested and every obstacle that he faces helps us gain a deeper insight into his character and ultimately identify with him even more.
pg. 45 (/120)
Stakes raise. A new character is added to the mix. This is the first time the hero is truly challenged.
The inmost cave may represent many things in the Hero’s story such as an actual location in which lies a terrible danger or an inner conflict which up until now the Hero has not had to face. As the Hero approaches the cave he must make final preparations before taking that final leap into the great unknown.
At the threshold to the inmost cave, the Hero may once again face some of the doubts and fears that first surfaced upon his call to Adventure. He may need some time to reflect upon his journey and the treacherous road ahead in order to find the courage to continue. This brief respite helps the audience understand the magnitude of the ordeal that awaits the Hero and escalates the tension in anticipation of his ultimate test.
pg. 60 (/120)
Passive to active in relation to the flaw.
The Supreme Ordeal may be a dangerous physical test or a deep inner crisis that the Hero must face in order to survive or for the world in which the Hero lives to continue to exist. Whether it be facing his greatest fear or most deadly foe, the Hero must draw upon all of his skills and his experiences gathered upon the path to the inmost cave in order to overcome his most difficult challenge.
Only through some form of “death” can the Hero be reborn, experiencing a metaphorical resurrection that somehow grants him greater power or insight necessary in order to fulfill his destiny or reach his journey’s end. This is the high-point of the Hero’s story where everything he holds dear is put on the line. If he fails, he will either die or life as he knows it will never be the same again.
pg. 75 (/120)
Looks like we’ve answered the Central Question in the hero’s favor, but without addressing the flaw.
After defeating the enemy, surviving death, and finally overcoming his greatest personal challenge, the Hero is ultimately transformed into a new state, emerging from battle as a stronger person and often with a prize.
The reward may come in many forms: an object of great importance or power, a secret, greater knowledge or insight, or even reconciliation with a loved one or ally. Whatever the treasure, which may well facilitate his return to the Ordinary World, the Hero must quickly put celebrations aside and prepare for the last leg of journey.
This stage in the Hero’s journey represents a reverse echo of the Call to Adventure in which the Hero had to cross the first threshold. Now he must return home with his reward but this time the anticipation of danger is replaced with that of acclaim and perhaps vindication, absolution or even exoneration.
But the Hero’s journey is not yet over and he may still need on last push back into the Ordinary World. The moment before the Hero finally commits to the last stage of his journey may be a moment in which he must choose between his own personal objective and that of a Higher Cause.
pg. 90 (/120)
Furthest from answering the Central Question. Must confront Greatest Fear to overcome/fix/address Flaw.
This is the climax in which the Hero must have his final and most dangerous encounter with death. The final battle also represents something far greater than the Hero’s own existence with its outcome having far-reaching consequences to his Ordinary World and the lives of those he left behind.
If he fails, others will suffer and this not only places more weight upon his shoulders but in a movie, grips the audience so that they too feel part of the conflict and share the Hero’s hopes, fears, and trepidation. Ultimately the Hero will succeed, destroy his enemy and emerge from battle cleansed and reborn.
This is the final stage of the Hero’s journey in which he returns home to his Ordinary World a changed man. He will have grown as a person, learned many things, faced many terrible dangers and even death but now looks forward to the start of a new life. His return may bring fresh hope to those he left behind, a direct solution to their problems or perhaps a new perspective for everyone to consider.
The final reward that he obtains may be literal or metaphoric. It could be a cause for celebration, self-realization or an end to strife, but whatever it is it represents three things: change, success and proof of his journey. The return home also signals the need for resolution for the story’s other key players. The Hero’s doubters will be ostracized, his enemies punished and his allies rewarded. Ultimately the Hero will return to where he started but things will clearly never be the same again.
For Character-based structure, the ending resolves the plot while the Character addresses the flaw that has prevented success throughout the movie.
Is this an original lesson, less dependent on execution for success?
Or is this something we’ve seen in other movies, thus demanding a unique execution?
Given the opening image, a good closing image to illustrate the lesson I’m teaching might be:
The Flaw should be a product of the Theme. Perhaps the character was scarred somehow by the issues you’re exploring with your theme.
I will show my character’s flaw by doing this:
A product of the flaw, which is a product of the theme.
I will show my character’s humanity by doing this:
The Other Side of the Theme. In other words, it’s something we wouldn’t expect about the character, but as a result, it is also a reflection of the theme. Like conforming to be a noncomformist.
I will show my character’s paradox by doing this:
A point of identification with the character for the audience. Therefore, this trait should link the theme to the audience.
I will show my character’s humanity by doing this:
This gives the context with which the story will explore the theme. For example: a talkative character may explore your theme through language. A theologian may explore it through religion, a physicist through science, a murderer through violence, etc…
I will show this character’s main characteristic by doing this:
The goal of the character is the side the writer takes for the theme. If you want to argue that cheese is bad, the hero will try to destroy all the cheese. This can be reversed if you use the theme to teach the hero a lesson.
By achieving this goal, my main character believes he/she will achieve this:
Rather than achieve this goal, my main character really needs to do this (typically fix their flaw):
Do these elements line up in an interesting way?
This activity will create the following first impression:
At the end of the movie, I will show the audience how the main character has learned to do the above by showing them this:
The Flaw should be a product of the Theme. Perhaps the character was scarred somehow by the issues you’re exploring with your theme.
I will show my character’s flaw by doing this:
A product of the flaw, which is a product of the theme.
I will show my character’s humanity by doing this:
The Other Side of the Theme. In other words, it’s something we wouldn’t expect about the character, but as a result, it is also a reflection of the theme. Like conforming to be a noncomformist.
I will show my character’s paradox by doing this:
A point of identification with the character for the audience. Therefore, this trait should link the theme to the audience.
I will show my character’s humanity by doing this:
This gives the context with which the story will explore the theme. For example: a talkative character may explore your theme through language. A theologian may explore it through religion, a physicist through science, a murderer through violence, etc…
I will show this character’s main characteristic by doing this:
The goal of the character is the side the writer takes for the theme. If you want to argue that cheese is bad, the hero will try to destroy all the cheese. This can be reversed if you use the theme to teach the hero a lesson.
By achieving this goal, my main character believes he/she will achieve this:
Rather than achieve this goal, my main character really needs to do this (typically fix their flaw):
Do these elements line up in an interesting way?
This activity will create the following first impression:
How does this relationship between this character and the main character explore your theme? (or does it?)
Establish the normal world. Allow the audience a point of reference. Show why this world deserves to be saved. Bring the audience to your side.
When we first meet your hero, what is he/she doing?
How is this a typical day in the life of the hero?
Set the Hero in motion with relation to the plot. Here the audience understands the danger to the world, even if it’s not specific. The Hero might not even know yet what the danger is or the full scope of the danger.
In your movie, what problems or adventure is presented to the hero?
How does the Hero find out about this problem? (In other words, who or what makes the Hero aware that there’s and issue that needs to be addressed?)
The Character archetype or device that makes a hero aware of a problem is known as a Herald. Who (or what) is the Herald in your movie?
What goal is the Hero presented with in this stage? (This may not be the ultimate elixir, but the goal to get him on the journey)
This beat sets up the Hero’s fears as well as helps to reinforce the danger in the mind of the audience. This moment can often be very fast in Hollywood movies.
How does the Hero react when he or she receives the Call to Adventure? Does your Hero hesitate to fix the problem or join the adventure?
What decision does your hero make at this point?
Who helps the hero make this decision?
The mentor provides a reference point for the audience as to the nature of the Special World. Usually the mentor will also give the Hero a ‘magical item.’ This can be knowledge (such as knowledge of the force in Star Wars) or it could be a physical item that will help the Hero win out.
Does your Hero meet someone who teaches him/her something?
Who is this person?
What does this person give to the Hero?
Here the Hero enters the ‘Special World’ and the story enters a larger universe. Here the adventure actually gets underway.
Often this beat will take place in or near a restaurant. Some sort of public meeting place. The legacy behind this beat involves the idea that the Hero needs to prepare for the trip to the Special World and part of that preparation is a meal.
What is the Special World in your movie?
How is the Special World different than the Ordinary World the Hero is used to?
Is there a restaurant/eating/bar scene that occurs at or near the moment the hero enters the Special World?
Now that the Hero has entered the Special World, he is aided by Allies, confounded by enemies, and tested over and over. Here, the Hero will fail.
The reason for this is to show the audience that the Hero can fail, to make the stakes real, and to teach the Hero the lessons he will need to succeed. One way of showing this might be to have the Villain do something that takes the Hero off balance. When he tries it again later, the Hero is prepared.
What allies does your hero meet?
What enemies does your hero meet?
Does your hero try to do something (perhaps to fix the problem presented earlier in the film) and fail miserably?
If so, what is the outcome of this attempt? Does the hero learn anything as a result of this failure?
This is the enemy stronghold. Usually there will be preparations prior to entering. Here the audience should be tense, or at least at higher tension than before. Danger lurks around every corner, or at least the audience should feel that.
Somewhere in this place is the Elixir, the goal of the Hero. The audience should want the Hero to attain it, even though deep down they know it won’t work. Here, the audience for the first time should actively root for the Hero to achieve his objective and feel disappointment (though not in the story) when he doesn’t.
Does the hero go to the enemy’s stronghold?
What preparations does the hero make before entering?
How will entering this place help the Hero achieve his/her goal?
The Ultimate Test - The Hero is brought to brink of death/defeat. This is the end of the Inmost Cave sequence. Here, the hero’s values are tested so the Hero loses physically, but succeeds on an emotional level.
The audience should be hopeful for success, devastated by defeat, and then rejoice at the Hero’s resurrection.
What Supreme Ordeal does your hero face?
What happens to your hero as a result of this confrontation?
Does the Hero take something away from the Enemy?
The Hero has succeeded despite the odds, but the enemy has not been defeated. Sometimes this can even be part of the Villain’s plan (a la Star Wars) in order to get the Hero to reveal something even more crucial to their end game plan.
The audience here should be elated, or at least relieved. Here we allow the audience to relax from the Supreme Ordeal (sometimes the Ordeal can involve the death or near death of someone important to the Hero).
What elixir does the Hero take from the Villain? or… How does this confrontation achieve the goal?
How does the Villain react to this?
What plan does the Villain come up with to get back at the Hero/get the Elixir back?
Often movies contain a varied form of this beat or it’s omitted completely. Here the hero deals with the consequences of confronting the dark forces of the Supreme Ordeal. If the Supreme Ordeal did not destroy the Villain, usually he/she comes raging back at the hero, desperate to regain what the hero has taken. In this stage, the Hero has angered the Villain, who now brings EVERYTHING he or she has to bear down on the Hero in a fit of rage.
The point of the Road Back is to test and see if the lessons the hero learned as a result of the Supreme Ordeal were truly learned. Here the Hero’s values are tested one last time, and the Hero will be tempted to go back to the way he was before the journey began. This stage doesn’t apply only to action or adventure films. In a romantic film in which the Hero has spent the film trying to get over a lost love or an ex, this would be the moment where the ex wants him or her back.
Is there a chase scene toward the end of your movie?
Is the Hero being pursued by the Villain?
What opportunity does the Hero face to go back to his or her old ways?
What happens as a result of this moment? What does the Hero realize?
This may not be a separate beat in itself, but rather part of The Supreme Ordeal or The Road Back. This is the moment of rebirth for the Hero. Usually this involves the Hero appearing defeated in the final conflict with the Villain and then coming back to finally win.
Once reborn, the Hero can now reenter the Ordinary World with the Elixir and save it, but usually water is used to metaphorically cleanse the Hero (usually this is why movies have rain at this point).
In the final conflict with the Villain, does the hero appear to be defeated and then finally win?
Is water (some form of liquid) in this scene? (Is it in the rain or does it involve either water or cleaning?)
Here the Hero returns to the Ordinary World with the Elixir. The Elixir will change the Ordinary World. Often this will be unnoticeable to the Audience as the world will already be changed due to the struggle of the Hero and Villain. But the Elixir will remove the danger to the Ordinary World allowing it to become as close to normal as possible, and maybe even better for the change.
What does the Hero bring back from the Special World?
How does the thing the hero brings back ‘fix’ the Ordinary World?