# Vision5 : Blockchains

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## General

## Ranks

For market cap on 25/08/2018

## Creating new networks

- To fit in with the same SMDNS
- Still work with the original one too

## Better terms

- Network Value NOT Market Cap

## Terms

## Merkle Trees

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree

- Used in cryptography, IPFS, Btrfs, FZS
- Ralph Merkle (1979)

- Certificate transparency
- Add 0x00, 0x01 ... to the parts of a split file
- Prevents creating alternative files on Merkle trees that have the same hash

## Forks

Articles

https://www.coindesk.com/information/hard-fork-vs-soft-fork/

Hard

- More flexible
- New does not (necessarily) work with old
- Double spend risks

Soft

- Less flexible
- New works with old, but some old does not (necessarily) work with new
- No double spend risks

- Soft fork will win out in the end
- Old miners will recognize that their blocks are being rejected, and upgrade

## Nonce

## ASIC

Application-Specific Integrated Circuit

## Blocknet ideas

# Transaction5

## Basechain

NEM

## New concepts

## Proof-of-Regulation

- Proof-of-Importance applied generally
- Banks and other regulated financial institutions could have a higher level of acceptance because they are regulated
- Governments similarly could have increased status

## Service providers

## Cryptocurrency payments

[Coingate](https://coingate.com/accept-bitcoin)

- 1%
- To EUR (free SEPA)
- To USD (expensive bank transfer)
- To Advcash (fees then apply)

- Very fast customer service, even on Sunday morning!

[Coinpayments](https://www.coinpayments.net)

- 0.5%
- Only to Bitcoin

[Cryptonator](https://www.cryptonator.com/merchant/)

- 0.9%
- To EUR bank account (1%)
- 1.9% total

[ShapeShift](https://shapeshift.io/#/coins)

## International transfers

[TorFX](https://www.torfx.com/)

- Best exchange rates for 2016-8
- Based in Penzance
- Can't see rates on site

[Transferwise](https://transferwise.com/)

- Not always the best rates
- See rates on site

## Articles

[Comparison of transaction speeds](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/) (Aug 2018)

TO CHECK OUT

Harmony

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IK5DMxDZ9M0
- Seems very interesting !!!

- QUIC
- OmniLedger
- Mosaic Pull-Reduce

Speeding up transport 10x

- QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connection)
- Bloom tables / filters (definitely no X and probably some Y in a set)
- 5G rather than 4G
- At least 10x achieved

Speeding up system tools 10x

- Parallel processing improvements
- Kernel improvements with Unikernel
- + more
- Mosaic (59x speedup on most challenging benchmarks)

Speeding up consensus protocol 10x

- Omniledger 13k tps with 1800 nodes (proven)
- 

EOS



Zilliqa

- $850M

Hashgraph

- Raising $300m
- $4-5B valuation

Thunder

- Valued $100m

Dfinity

- Raised $100m
- $2b valuation

Kadena

- Raised $12m

Algorand

- Raised $4m

## Tokens / Dapps

# 0x - ZRX (25)

## Home

[0xproject.com](https://0xproject.com/)

## Videos

[Crypto News Network - pt. 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWYxUfDM8sE)

[Crypto News Network - pt.2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBfqLOLaym4)

## Key concepts

Decentralized exchange protocol

- Not an exchange
- An Open Protocol For Decentralized Exchange On The Ethereum Blockchain

Lack of standardization

- Leads to redundancy
- Users won't want to have 5 different tokens for 5 different apps
- Parallel redundancy - different apps implementing the same functionality

# Augur - REP (39)

## Videos

[Cryptografi](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=579SRoK_kdQ)

[David Hay](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s17NVBuzZbc)



## Key concepts

Dapp + token on Ethereum

Decentralized Prediction Market

- Google the future
- Predictions backed by $
- People vote (with money)

## Use cases

- Company projects (Google, Microsoft) - internally
- Austrian economics (mid 20th C)

## Speed

[6 mins average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

## Risk

- Crowd mentality
- Voting on what think others will vote on, rather than the best

# Basic Attention Token - BAT (40)

## Team

- CEO the guy that invented JavaScript

## Videos

[David Hay](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tf8F1wb3JhI)

## Key concepts

BAT vs Brave Browser

- Linked in with paying content creators through the Brave Browser

## Problems

- Seemingly deliberately misleading marketing
- Token not integrated with the Brave browser
- Illogical
- Frustrating
- Content providers not paid properly

- Brave browser not work quite as well as Chrome
- BAT token has been doing airdrops to the Brave browser

- Paid content not a very sustainable model for the Internet

- To receive BAT tokens (ERC-20), need to provide details, then create wallet in Uphold (for doing payment processing etc? / crypto processing)
- Uphold really expensive - like Visa/MC

- No alternative to Uphold for Brave browser

## Pros

- Linked with the Brave browser

## P2P coins

# Nano - NANO (23)

## History

- Was called Raiblocks

## YouTube

[Decentralized Thought](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlRhUwLQWXc)

## About

- Designed to be solely P2P payment system
- Slogan : Do one thing, and do it right

- Near instant transactions
- No transaction fees
- No inflation
- No miners
- No incentive structure

## Key concepts

Faucets

- No ICO
- Raidrops distributed through faucets
- Faucets sites that say you're not a bot

- 130M Raiblocks distributed
- 70M for development
- 200M burned

Personal blockchains

- Every wallet has own personal blockchain
- Lattice structure
- When each transaction happens, two new entries
- One on each person's blockchain

Proof-of-work

- Small PoW for each transaction
- Included to prevent spamming of the network

Network consensus

- DPoS

## Speed

[5 secs average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

## Pros

- Seems clean
- Not controversial

## Fiat coins

# Tether - USDT (8)

## DAGs

# IOTA - MIOTA (12)

## Key concepts

- Not a blockchain
- Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)
- Centralized, closed system

Tangle

[Tangle explained](https://www.tangleblog.com/2017/01/25/the-tech-behind-iota-explained/#comment-4719)

## Speed

[3 mins average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

## Problems

- Single core node
- [Cryptographic vulnerabilities](https://medium.com/@neha/cryptographic-vulnerabilities-in-iota-9a6a9ddc4367) in the past
- Likely no quality testers on team
- Slow

## Payment processing

# OmiseGO - OMG (22)

## Videos

[David Hay](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iE_D7vGIrw)

[Boxmining](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5UmO5UsKHdk)

## Articles

[$25m ICO, turned down $100m](https://techcrunch.com/2017/07/05/omise-go-ico-25-million-omg/)

## History

- Omise existing company
- Like Stripe
- Across S.E. Asia
- Integrated into websites
- Well backed
- Necessary service in that part of the world

- Thailand (heavily centred there)
- Japan
- China
- Philippines
- Vietnam

## Focus

- Decentralized payments

- Access
- Scalability
- Security

## Key concepts

Combining banking services with the blockchain

- Decentralized exchange
- Liquidity provider mechanics
- Clearing house messaging network
- Asset-backed blockchain gateway
- Wallet

Based on Ethereum for now

- Smart contract?
- Plasma for Ethereum

## Pros

- Solving an actual problem
- It will at least

- Solving a problem in SE Asia
- Very difficult to transfer money between countries
- Big need in SE Asia

- Plenty of top advisors, including Vitalik Buterin

# Ripple - XRP (3)

## Home

[ripple.com](https://ripple.com/)

## History

- 2004-12 Ripplepay
- Founded by Ryan Fugger
- Financial service to provide payment options via a global network

- Various people come together to create P2P system
- September 2012 founded OpenCoin
- Fugger handed over reins to Chris Larsen

- 2012-13 OpenCoin
- Later Ripple Labs
- Ripple Transaction Protocol
- Enables the instant and direct transfer of money between two parties
- Any type of currency can be transferred
- Early investors included Google Ventures

- 1st July 2013 XRP Fund II (now XRP II) founded in South Carolina
- Next day Ripple announced linking of Bitcoin and Ripple protocols via Bitcoin Bridge
- October 2013 Ripple created further partnership with ZipZap
- Deemed a threat to Western Union

- 2014-17 Focus on banking
- July 2014 Ripple Labs proposed Codius, a project to develop a new smart contract system that was programming language agnostic
- Lots of banks experimenting with Ripple Protocol

- Since 2012 Ripple Labs have professed support for regulation of the crypto-currency market, as it helps businesses grow

- In 2015 Ripple Labs fined by FinCEN for violations of the Bank Secrecy act, from additions in 2013
- Ripple Labs agreed to only transact through registered Money Services Businesses (MSB's)
- Also added Anti Money-Laundering (AML) transaction monitoring to the network

- 13th June 2016 Ripple obtained a virtual currency license from the New York State Department of Financial Services
- Becomes 4th company to obtain a BitLicense from 

## Key concepts

Reserve

- Keep 20 XRP in reserve account
- Used for non-native transactions
- Helps with anti-spam

Bridge currency

- Can act as a bridge between two currencies
- Used if there's no direct conversion possible
- Ripple focused on being a currency exchange, not an alternative currency per se

Anti-spam

- Transaction fees start at 0.00001 XPR for periodic ones
- Higher transaction fees are charged if goes up to thousands of transactions per minute
- Used to prevent overloading of the system

## Drops

- Min are drops
- 0.000001 XRP (1m drops per ripple)

## Speed

[4 secs average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

# Stellar - XLM (6)

## Home

[stellar.org](https://www.stellar.org/)

## History

- Forked from Ripple in 2014
- Founder Jeb McCaleb had a different financial philosophy

- Stellar Development Foundation (SDF) is a non-profit in Delaware
- Creates Stellar Consensus Protocol (from Ripple Consensus Protocol) + OS documentation for implementation

- SDF + David Mazieres (Standford Uni) created Federated Byzantine Agreement
- Whitepaper released in April 2015
- Upgraded network live in Nov 2015

## Coins

- STR replaced with XLM in 2015 after upgrade
- 100 billion coins originally
- Used as intermediary coins (like XRP)

## Focus

- Financial platform
- Speed
- Bank payments AND people

## Key concepts

Stellar Network

- Decentralized distributed exchange

Federated Byzantine Agreement

- Neo uses Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT)
- FBA a different solution to the same problem
- Look it up !!!

Inflation

- Inflationary
- 1% added each year

Inflation pool

- Coin-owners vote on who receives funds from inflationary pool (including fees)
- More than 0.05% votes receive funds each week

## YouTube

[Aimstone](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bzTzJLfU6c)

## Similar blockchains

Ripple

## Speed

- [5 secs average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)
- More than 1000 tx/s

## Fees

- Funds from base fees added to the inflationary pool
- Average fee = $0.000007

## Partners

- IBM (October 2017)
- Deloitte (2016) - consulting firm
- ICICI Bank (2016)

## Pros

## Exchange platforms

https://coinsutra.com/best-decentralized-exchanges-dex/

# Ark - ARK *

## Home

[ark.io](https://ark.io/)

# Binance Coin - BNB (16) *

## Videos

[Coin FOMO](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLPxYmMPMe4)

## History

- Created July 2017
- ERC20

## Key concepts

Binary + Finance = Binance

Chinese cryptocurrency exchange

- One of the best crypto trading ecosystems out there

20m users

Buy-backs

- 20% of profits each quarter allocated to buy back tokens at the current market price
- Will continue until 50% of the tokens are burned
- Afterwards will have a stable value that will continue to appreciate over time

Usage of token

- Currency for the exchange's fees
- 50% discount on the first year of use
- Exchange fee of 0.1%
- Bitrex 0.25%
- Pay 100% if you don't already have the BNB, so is an incentive to buy now

- Info platform
- Advertising that goes on the platform
- More to come

Price of token

- Seems to closely follow Bitcoin

## Binance Labs

$1B ecosystem

- For pre-ICO
- Financing
- Advice

## Pros

- One of the very few coins to go up since January
- 1.4m exchange orders / s

# Bisq

## Home

[bisq.network](https://bisq.network/)

# Bitshares - BTS (33)

## History

## Key concepts

DAO's

- Decentralized exchange platform
- Allows for the creation of DAO's
- Create shares, produce profits, and then re-distribute them as dividends to their shareholders

Delegated Proof-of-Stake

BITUSD

- If think of as a company, then the products are a service
- Bitshares the overall company

- BITUSD - service under bitshares, not a separate cryptocurrency
- Stable store of value
- BITUSD very similar to Tether

## Use cases

- Ethereum like a tank
- Bitshares like a sniper rifle (specialized)

- Ethereum not so efficient
- Bitshares good for high-frequency / volume trading

- Trading
- Derivatives market $700T globally
- Small change could make big difference



## Speed

[2 secs average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

# Blocknet - BLOCK *

## Home

[blocknet.co](https://www.blocknet.co/)

## Github

https://github.com/BlocknetDX/BlockDX

# Ether Delta

# Komodo BarterDEX



## Digital assets

# Bytom - BTM (43)

## Home

[bytom.io](http://bytom.io/)

## Videos

[Decentralized TV](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7SJLHgvfyE)

## Focus

- Digital assets

## Key concepts

Decentralized assets

So you can :

- Speculate
- Trade
- Gamble

3 layers

- Data
- Smart contract
- Interaction



## Comments

- Not very interesting

# NEM - XEM (17)

## Project

[nem.io](http://nem.io)

New Economic Movement

## History

- Launched March 2015
- 15 developers
- 30 marketers
- Singapore

- Developers pseudonymous
- From Bitcoin Talk
- UtopianFuture
- Initially wanted to improve 

- Lon Wong president of NEM.io Foundation
- Also founder and CEO of Dragonfly Fintech

## Use cases

General

- Can manage legal documents, energy usage, supply chains, real estate titles, cryptocurrencies

- Financial transactions
- Banks might be happier than a general-purpose platform
- Replace PayPal / Visa

- Could use similar model for a financial system
- Pay small transaction fees to create global network
- Having a dedicated financial network might make adoption better

- Not libertarians' dream
- Not necessarily revolutionary
- Functional, while we transition to something more revolutionary?

Japan

- Second largest cryptocurrency

- Mijin tested in December 2015 by Japan's largest trust bank, SBI Sumishin Net Bank, owned by Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Holdings, to add to their online banking services.

- Japanese Ministry of Agriculture uses to track shipments of meat

Venezuela

- Sses for Petro cryptocurrency (PTR)
- Prices in Petros and Bolivar Soberanos
- 1 Petro = 3,600 Bolivar Soberanos
- Bs.S. Launched 20/08/2018

- Hyperinflation not checked
- Between 18 August and 21 August 2018, the inflation rate increased 16,560 percent from 48,760 percent to 65,320 percent

## YouTube

[David Hay](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0PHsWhU3UY)

[Aimstone](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lva_WU5aoE)

## Coins

XEM

Fixed at 8,999,999,999

## Similar blockchains

Dash

## Key concepts

Proof-of-Importance

- Similar to Proof-of-Stake
- Uses harvesters not miners
- Lots of NEM > Can become a supernode
- Supernode > Can vote
- More coins > More votes

- PoS > Specific amount of coins to be a validator
- More caution in the network when it comes to nodes' validation
- Harvesters sort of become banks

Harvesters

- People who stake their coins to assist in networt validation
- People are paid to process transactions

- 10K XEM to be a harvester
- 3M XEM to be a supernode

- Proof-of-Stake
- Net transfers
- Cluster nodes

Namespaces

- Like web domains
- Sub-namespaces

Mosaics

- Digital assets
- XEM is a mosaic on the NEM network
- Anything you can sell or trade can become a mosaic

Smart Assets

- NEM's Smart Asset System allows devs to code NEM applications easily
- More than just P2P transactions

Multisig

- m of n

Mijin

- Private blockchain that uses NEM tech

## Speed

[30 secs average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)
- 6s to show up in wallet
- 20s to confirm
- 3000/s (more than Visa)

## Fees

- 100x less than Bitcoin
- $0.10c / $1000

- Visa : 2.2-2.9%
- Paypal : 1.9-3.4%
- Venmo : 3%
- Nem : 0.01%

Pay to use the messaging service



## Traceability

- 100% traceable and transparent

## Pros

- Low transaction fees
- Inflation resistant (deflationary cryptocurrency)

## Problems

- On 26 January 2018, Japanese cryptocurrency exchange Coincheck, was the victim of a massive hack resulting in a loss of 523 million XEM coins, the native token of NEM, worth approximately $400 million

# Nxt - NXT

## History

- First group to use DAGs

## Focus

- Shares
- Crypto Assets

## Key concepts

Proof-of-Stake

Lightweight

User rewards

- Users rewarded for supporting the network
- The more NXT you have, the more often will generate a block and rewarded with a fee


Alias system

Data storage on the chain

Decentralized asset exchange

- Allow for decentralized services on top

## Speed

- Blocks produced every 60s on average

## Offline

# Pundi X - NPXS (45) *

## Home

[pundix.com](https://pundix.com/)

## Videos

[Crypto Cruising](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EicQjyszZTU)

## Focus

- Non-connected people
- Next billion crypto users

## Key concepts

Offline

- XPoS (merchant's point of sale device)
- Go into shop 

Online

- P2P

Worldwide

- China
- Asia
- UK
- Switzerland
- Brazil

5000 POS total (so far)

## Supercomputers

# Golem - GNT (51) *

## Home

[golem.network](https://golem.network/)

## Videos

[The Golem Project](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Q888b0VRx8)

## History

## Key concept

Sharing computing power

- Users can sell their redundant computer power to those that need it

P2P

- Anyone can join
- Nobody more important than anyone else

Uses Ethereum

## Speed

[5 mins average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

## Specialized platforms

# Maker - MKR (32)

## Videos

[Decentralized TV](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndjI7ajRIV4)

## Focus

- Reduce volatility
- Debt

## Key concepts

Smart contact on ETC blockchain

Stabilize bond

- Known as a DAI
- Through smart contacts called Collateralized Debt Positions (CDP)
- MAKR = DAI + CDP

1 DAI = $1 USD

MAKR value attributed to the DAI bond

## Pros

- Relatively stable

# Siacoin - SC (42)

## Videos

[Boxmining](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhL9tJlT6fg)

## Focus

- Sharing hard drive space

## Key concepts

Network dropbox

- AirBnB of hard drive space

Contribution

- Get paid

Encryption

- User has key
- Very strong

## Pros

- Users can share unused hard drive space
- Cheaper for people to store their files

- Decentralization and privacy
- Don't know the encryption level of Dropbox
- Very strong encryption, spread over multiple computers

## Cons

- Dropbox has huge ecosystem
- Not as many cool features as Dropbox / Google Drive yet

# Steem - STEEM (36)

## History

## Speed

[3 secs average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

# Waves - WAVES (38)

## Videos

[Boxmining](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VCtlMnvRXM)

## Focus

- Creating own tokens

## Key concepts

Create tokens

- Costs 1 wave to create a token
- For commodities

Smart contracts

- Non Turing-complete

## Pros

- Cheap transfers

## IoT smart contract platforms

# Waltonchain - WTC (47)

## Videos

[Ready Set Crypto](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSh_ciRLHBI)

## Key concepts

Supply chain

RFID's

Parts

1. Production
2. Warehousing
3. Logistics
4. Stores

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

- Already exist
- But centralized

- Putting onto a blockchain helps prevent counterfeits

Value Internet of Things (VOIT)

- Digitizing of assets + blockchains

## Use cases

- Baggage
- Deliveries

# VeChain - VET (18)

## Home

[vechain.org](https://www.vechain.org/)

## History

## Focus

- Supply chains
- Counterfiting
- Customer trust

## Key concepts

Supply chain tracking

- Track products on a supply chain
- Combined IoT with blockchain
- Digitizes the supply chain

Scanning

- Scan QR code / barcode
- App shows you everything you need to know about the product, including freshness
- Tracks entire supply chain
- Picks up data on products
- Customer can be sure that the info is accurate

Anti-counterfits

- Customers can check authenticity of products

Generic platform

- Dapps
- Smart contracts
- ICOs

Double tokens

- VET
- Thor Power Tokens (interest created from stored VET)
- TPT like GAS in Neo

- When Thor Power Tokens spent, 70% taken out of circulation
- 30% awarded to authority masternodes

Node types

- Economic (help with stability)
- Weakest to strongest

1) Strenght node
2) Thunder node
3) Mjolnir node

- Authority

4) Thrudhem node (authority masternode)

## Partnerships

- Renault
- PWC
- Quite a few others

## Speed

- [6 mins average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)
- 10k tx/s (eventually)

## Non-Turing-Complete platforms

*MANY OTHERS TOO*

# Zilliqa - ZIL (31)

## Videos

[Aimstone](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3SyrPpFsWU)

## Key concepts

Smart contracts

- Not Turing complete

Sharding

Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance

## Speed

- 2400 tps (3600 nodes)

## Pros

- High-profile fintech + banking experts partnerships + on team

## Multi-chain smart contract platforms

# Ardor - ARDR (63)

## History

- Nxt 2.0
- Nxt foundation

## Focus

- For business

## Speed

[60 secs average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

## Key concepts

Solves blockchain bloat

Parent and child chain architecture

- Only parent involved in the consensus
- Smart contracts, etc, are stored on the child chains
- Applications, asset exchange, voting, marketplace
- Child chains can be pruned and removed from the blockchain
- Only keep a cryptographic proof that they ever existed
- New node only needs to d/l the transactions from the last 24 hours of the child chains
- Size of the blockchain does not grow linearly with time (like with other blockchains)

- Interesting applications
- Child chain can focus on a specific use case
- 

# Lisk - LSK (21)

## History

- Many years in development
- Move to mainnet on Aug 29th 2018

## Videos

[CryptoMar](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3w7KrVPaF8o)

## Home

[lisk.io](https://lisk.io/)

## Key concepts

Blockchain platform

- Very similar to Ethereum
- Quite a few different use cases

SDK

- Sidechain development kit
- Not available at end of Aug 2018
- Not sure when it will be bready

Programming language

- JavaScript
- Ethereum uses Solidity

Side chains

- Lisk uses side chains
- Ethereum uses smart contracts
- All applications use their own separate blockchains
- Ethereum runs everything on the main blockchain

- Proof of work
- Proof of stake
- Not built into the main blockchain

Wordpress of blockchains

## Pros

- No congestion on the network for specific use cases
- Very customizable

- Great team
- Managing funds well
- Promoting their work, not the token, and let it speak for itself

# MOAC - MOAC (46) ***

## Home

[moac.io](https://www.moac.io/)

## Videos

[BlockWolf](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fU6m2mqGYec)

## History

## Comments

- Really interesting
- Could take the code and adapt it
- Check out the cross-chain stuff

- Genesis5 blockchain in Vision5

## Key concepts



Mother of all chains

- Bitcoin - coin
- Etheruem - own token
- MOAC - own blockchain

Tradeoff

- Scalability
- Security
- Decentralization (EOS more centralized)

MOAC puts itself in the centre

Solution

- Multi-chain architecture
- Sharding

- Main chain
- Microchains (different protocols / setups)

Cross-chain functionality

- Between different chains

Mining

- Micro chains (whatever their creators decide)
- Mother chain (PoW)

Inflation

- 150M now
- Max at 210M by 2058

## Problems

- Small team
- Not much money
- Open-source code just seems like solidity contracts

# Ontology - ONT (24)

## Home

[ont.io](https://ont.io/)

## Videos

[Legit Crypto](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCdy-HD8OBA)

## History



## Similarities

Interblocknet

## Key concepts

Multi-chain

- Distributed trust and collaboration project

Blockchain customization

- Different public blockchains can be modified for different applications

Infrastructure

- ONT Blockchains
- ONT Blockchain Frameworks
- ONT Interaction Protocols

Modules and protocols

- ONT ID
- ONT Data
- ONT Scores (like credit score on the ONT blockchains)

Common applications

- ONTO (self soverign of digital signatures)
- ONT TSE (search)
- ONT DDXF (distributed exchange framework)

Scenarios

- Multi-source identity system for people
- " for objects
- Distributed data exchange

## Smart contract platforms

# Aeternity - AE (37) *

## Home

[aeternity.com](https://aeternity.com/)

## Videos

[Aeternity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9cqkdx1Llo)

## Solves

- Scalability
- Privacy
- Transaction speed

## Key concepts

State channels

- Interactions private, and off the main blockchain
- Instant and private interactions
- No limit to the volume of transactions that can be processed at the same time

- On-chain enforcement only upon disagreement of the smart contracts
- NICE!!!

Hybrid PoW-PoS system

- Consensus by PoW
- Can be mined on all devices, including smart phones

- Governance works on PoS model, based on prediction markets

Oracle machine

- Allow you to connect real-world data to smart contracts
- Any real-world data can be included

## Use cases

- Financial applications
- Supply chain management
- Information market
- Insurances
- Gaming

# Cardano - ADA (9)

## Home

[cardano.org](https://www.cardano.org/en/home/)

## Team

- Charles Hoskinson (Ethereum and Bitshares)
- Mathematician and entrepreneur

## History

- Launched in September 2017
- 2 years of development
- Built around peer-reviewed papers

- Claims to be 3rd generation of cryptocurrency
- 1 - Bitcoin
- 2 - Ethereum + smart contracts
- 3 - Cardano + Iota (future proof)

## Focus

## Scalability

Transactions / second

- Ouroboros
- Proof-of-Stake

- Time divided into epochs and slots
- Network elects a slot leader for each slot
- Only person that can mine a block for that slot
- Slot leaders listen for transactions, verify them, and put them in a block
- If slot leader doesn't show up, needs to wait until re-elected by the network

- Good scalability
- Can divide into more epochs / slots
- Can run multiple epochs in parallel

Network bandwidth

- P2P network
- Each peer in the network receives copy of all new transactions (not scalable)
- Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA)
- Subnetworks that can communicate with each other if necessary

Data storage

- Pruning
- Compression
- Partitioning

- Will tackle this problem in 2018 / 2019

## Interoperability

Many cryptos

- Trying to be the "Internet of blockchains"
- Direct competitor to Interblocknet ???

Banks and governments

- Metadata for transactions
- From whom?
- To whom?
- For what reason?

- Opt-in
- Allow user to choose if they want to put this info in
- Would help make crypto world play nicer with the traditional banking world

## Sustainability

Raise money with ICO

- Not sustainable

Treasury

- Receives a small fee for every transaction on the network
- Developers petition improvement proposals
- Community votes on the best ideas
- Continuous improvements

## Speed

[5 mins average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

## Price

- Jan 2018 $32B
- Aug 2018 $2.3B

## Quotes

Dan Larimer : Cardano is a 400lb bullet-proof vest that doesn't stop bullets

Mark Zuckerberg : Great ideas are not fully formed until you start working on them

## Problems

- Too academic
- Too much peer review
- Needs to get out there first

# Dfinity **

## Home

[dfinity.org](https://dfinity.org/)

## Contact

hello@dfinity.org

## Videos

[DFINITY](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kyCfGRZaDnw)

[Coin Crunch](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxfIW6HuwVI&t=4s)

## Focus

- Internet computer

## Key concepts

Threshold cryptography

Hundreds of nodes

Language-agnostic

- Will be able to run lots of different languages

Capability-based security

Gas

- Like in Ethereum

Wasm

- Like EOS

## Speed

- 2 blocks for finality
- 1s total

# EOS - EOS (5)

## History

## Speed

[1.5 secs average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

# Ethereum - ETH (2)

## Plasma network

## Pros

- Big market
- Big purchasing and marketing power
- A lot of developers
- Decentralized (companies like Consensus)

- Fastish (15s/transaction)

## Speed

[6 mins average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

# Ethereum Classic - ETC (13)

# ICON - ICX (29)

## Home

[icon.foundation](https://icon.foundation/?lang=en)

## Videos

[Daily Deals with Tim](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-pgH-gpjXk)

Team

- 35 when started

## Focus

- Connect institutions through a blockchain network

## Key concepts

Hyperconnect the world

- Building a large decentralized network
- Aims to connect real-life institutions, starting in Korea

- Banks
- Securities
- Insurance
- Hospital
- Universities
- more

- The public

Smart contract

Loopchain

- Connect together
- ID, DAPP, DEX
- Fully compatible with Bitcoin, Ethereum ...

## Partners

- Loop (major Korean blockchain company)
- Davinci (leading AI company)

# IoT Chain - ITC

## Home

[iotchain.io](https://iotchain.io/)

## Videos

[The Crypto Lark](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BE8Gf-6sfJ4)

[Interview with CEO](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwFTdGBW4M0)

## Focus

- Chinese team
- Focused on the Chinese market
- Based in Singapore

- Security
- Stability of the network
- Controlling your own data
- AI (promoting through data collected from the devices intercommunicating)

## Awards

- Blockchain excellence award
- Davos World Economic Forum (2018)

## Key concepts

Hybrid model

- DAG with PBFT
- Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (like Neo)

- Fast and secure
- Protect data ownership
- Simpl payment verification

Hardware chip

- Not just software - also a hardware chip
- Solid chip creators
- Plug and play devices

## Tokens

- ERC-20 token
- Swap for the mainnet when it comes out

Intelligent network

- Intelligent lighting
- Intelligent transportation
- Medical care
- Intelligent household applicances
- Intelligent factories
- New energy

Right to use

- Base on the ITC token

Data ownership

- All devices will generate data
- That data can be sold for ITC tokens
- Companies buy the data
- Usually private, but can say who it pertains to
- IOTA not have this

Witness nodes

- No master nodes
- 

## Scalability

- Testnet doing 10000 tx/s
- 100000 tx/s when have mainnet

## Fees

- When send money, incurs a fee
- Turning on/off smart lights does not incur a fee
- Sending the data + trading in does incur a fee
- Low fees?
- IOTA not have this

## Pros

- Lots of top, experienced people
- Seem intelligent
- Aiming for Chinese market
- Testnet seems solid (we'll see how the mainnet goes)
- Hardware integration
- Lots of experience with smart hardware architecture

## Interesting ideas

- Working with an umbrella-sharing cooperative

# NEO - NEO (15)

## History

## Speed

[15 secs average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

# Qtum - QTUM (26)

## Home

[qtum.org](https://qtum.org/en)

## Videos

[Crypto Coins](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-oRTGWg0U8)

## History

- Singapore Qtum Foundation
- Crowdsale in March-April 2017

## Focus

- Industry use cases

- Mobile telecommunications
- COunterfeit protection
- Finance
- Industrial logistics
- Manufacturing

- Low bandwidth
- Run on toasters ?

## Key concepts

Hybrid

- Bitcoin
- Ethereum
- Proof of Stake

- Take the best parts of Bitcoin, Etherum etc

Qtum Go Mobile

- First decentralized use by mobiles


Account Abstraction Layer

- Allows for multiple virtual machines
- Including Ethereum Virtual Machine

- Bridge between EVM and Unspent Transaction Output model of Bitcoin

Oracles and datafeeds

- Allow developers to create smart contracts built around trusted sources of information

## Use cases

- Best parts of Bitcoin and Ethereum and combine into a business-friendly model
- Integrates nicely with IoT

## Pros

- Compatible with major existing blockchain ecosystems
- Can run on mobile devices (check???)
- Lots of nodes (6023) - could be because of bitcoin?

# RChain - RHOC (50)

## Home

[rchain.coop](https://www.rchain.coop/)

## Videos

[i like money](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_20RYCkXmY)

## Key concepts

Smart contracts

100,000 TPS

RhoLang

- Custom programming language
- Supposedly fast and secure
- 

Platform

- Scala
- MongoDB !!!
- P2P

Industrial-sized applications

Concurrent

- Not parallel

# Stratis - STRAT (49)

## Videos

[David Hay](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCABIodGhBg)

## History

## Use cases

- Help prevent corruption
- Records with lots of value

- Birth records
- DMV
- Banking

- Probably not for database / storing session data ...

## Key concepts

Smart contracts

C# & .Net

## Speed

[6 mins average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

## Cons

- Bill users on a subscription-based model

# Tezos - XTZ (19)

## Home

[tezos.com](https://tezos.com/)

## Videos

[Aimstone](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=It96bIBPXZ0)

## History

- Developed since 2014

## Team

- Founders
- Arthur Breitman
- Kathleen Breitman

## Focus



## Key concepts

Commonwealth

- DAO

Smart contracts platform

- Like Ethereum

Upgrade process

- On-chain governance
- Doesn't require a fork
- Hard forks as a last resort



Compensation structure

- proposals for upgrading the platform / protocol

Consensus protocol

- DPoS

Smart contracts

- Written in Michelson
- Facilitates formal verification of code mathematically

- Little room for errors, e.g.
- Medicine
- Aeroplanes
- Nuclear reactors

## Cons

- Can be difficult for programmers to understand the full process of formal verification of code
- Can lead to a false sense of security

# Tron - TRX (11)

## Home

[tron.network](https://tron.network/index?lng=en)

## History

- Beijing, 2014
- May 31 2018 Mainnet launched

## Team

- CEO Justin Sun
- Founded Peiwo APP

## Videos

[Legit Crypto](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yp5dauagqEc)

## Key concepts

Decentralized entertainment system

Premium content

- People pay for premium content using TRX
- Similar to Steemit using Steem token

Token creation

- Like on Ethereum
- Also Lisk, eventually
- Create own ecosystem inside Tron

Ecosystem

- A bit like Web5

## Speed

- [5 mins average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)
- 2000 tx/s?

## Pros

- Not focusing on just profits
- Want to create things that are of benefit to the community

## Coins

# Aeon - AEON

## History

- Fork of Monero

## Focus

Privacy coin

Differences to Monero

- Mobile-friendly
- Different PoW (speedier)
- Fast-syncing
- Lightweight transfers

## Speed

240s block time

# Bitcoin - BTC (1)

## History

- Originally had no block size limit
- Malicious actors created fake, long data, as a form of DoS
- The fake blocks would be detected, but take a long time to be detected, slowing down the system
- 1MB block size limit introduced through a soft fork

## Key concepts

FlexTrans

- Flexible Transactions
- Backwards incompatible
- Changes how they are described to a tag system

Lightning Network

- [25/08/2018](https://cryptobriefing.com/whats-holding-back-the-lightning-network/)

- Success rate low, especially for larger amounts
- \>$200 = 1% chance
- \>$20 = 5% chance

- Chooses optimal path through thousands of intermediaries
- Because intermediary nodes need to be online, effectively centralize around a few hubs

## Speed

[78 mins average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

# Bitcoin Cash - BCH (4)

## Key concepts

Block size

8MB

## Speed

[60 mins average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

## Problems

- Think that all scaling should be done on the main blockchain
- Direct competitor to Bitcoin, and will likely lose
- Bitcoin has better scaling plans

# Bitcoin Diamond - BCD (44)

## Home

[btcd.io](https://btcd.io/)

## Videos

[The Naughty Investor](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLvmv3BRxos)

[The Crypto Lark](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fV810nd37Nc)

## History

- Bitcoin hard fork

## Team

- Hidden on site

## Focus

- Privacy

## Key concepts

Increased supply

210M tokens, not 21M

Mining algorithm

- Great for GPU miners

10min, 8MB, segwit

Encryption

- for privacy
- Algorithm?

## Cons

- Not solving a problem
- Don't know who team is
- Seems like a pump and dump scheme
- More Bitcoin forks on the way
- Plenty of privacy coins

# Bitcoin Gold - BTG (28)

## History

- Hard fork from Bitcoin
- October 24th 2017

## Key concepts

Equihash

- PoW
- Memory-oriented
- Zcash too
- Security, privacy, ASIC miner resistance
- Uses graphics processors

## Problems

- May 2018 Double spend (51% attack)
- $18.6m USD transferred to Cryptocurrency Exchange
- Then reverted in public ledger
- Two other cryptocurrencies too

- Equihash-based 
- No longer ASIC resistant
- Bitcoin Gold
- ZenCash
- Zcash
- Litecoin Cash


# Bytecoin - BCN (27)

## Videos

[Boxmining](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m07_DoWIWiY)

## History

- Started in 2012
- Long history in privacy coin space

## Focus

- Privacy
- Anonymous transactions

## Key concepts

Proof of work

Protections

- Protects wallet ID
- Protects the amount being sent

Algorithm

- Cryptonote
- Resistant to ASICs
- Minded by GPUs and CPUs

Based on Cryptonote

- Note based on Bitcoin
- Concepts of emission

## Similar coins

- Monero
- Digital note
- Pebblecoin
- Dash

## Speed

- Mined every 2 mins

## Problems

- Was a bug in cryptonote that allowed people to create lots of money out of nothing
- Was patched in Monero and Bytecoin (Cryptonote too???)

# Dash - DASH (14)

## Home

[dash.org](https://www.dash.org/)

Digital Cash

## History

- Launched as Xcoin in Jan 2014
- Darkcoin soon after
- Dash in March 2015

## YouTube

[Private send explained](https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=189&v=vgCId3wJc5Y)

## Focus

- Privacy
- Transaction speed
- Decentralized governance

## Key concepts

## Participants

- Wallet-holders
- Miners
- Master nodes

## Master nodes

- Participants that put up min of 1000 Dash coins as collateral
- Rewarded for providing additional level of governance to the network

- Private send
- Instant send
- Decide how funds in the treasury are spent

## Block reward splits

- 45% to miners
- 45% to the master nodes
- 10% to the treasury

Treasury

- Funds projects that further the Dash platform
- Voted on by the master nodes

Private send

- Mixes transactions from multiple inputs to multiple outputs
- Small fee by master nodes

- Transaction amounts must be multiples of pre-determined amounts to allow for efficient mixing
- 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 DASH

- Used OpenSSL rand bytes to select a master node to do a mixing request
- Doesn't use recently used master nodes

- Request sends denomination(s) and amounts, plus fee to master node
- Various amounts added to the mixing queues
- 3 participants required for a mix
- Sends input addresses and output addresses (empty?)

- Transaction created
- Sent initially to just the three inputs
- Wallets check the transaction is correct and honest
- Outputs = inputs
- Input and output addresses are accurate
- Won't know the inputs and outputs of the other 2 people in the transaction


- Once checked, each wallet signs with their private key
- Each signs saying it's OK to send without the other two knowing the private key

- Once all 3 OK the transaction, broadcast to the network for real
- If things are changed, the signatures will be invalid, and transaction won't go through
- In pending until goes through

- Process can be repeated up to 8 times
- Size of the uncertainty set increases

- Collateral usually sent back
- 1/10 times it's kept, to prevent abuse

Instant send

- Near instant transactions
- Lock inputs while being written to the blockchain

## Speed

- [15 mins average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)
- Transaction takes a few seconds
- Confirmation takes a few minutes
- Instantx - a second

# Digibyte - DGB (35)

## Videos

[Decentralized TV](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yadVSDiBxqg)

## Key concepts

Altcoin

Super secure

- Same as for nuclear codes

# Dogecoin - DOGE (34)

## Home

[dogecoin.com](https://dogecoin.com/)

## Videos

[Andrew Sauls](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07h_-MgDrZQ)

[David Hay](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hssvr39rD9Y)

## History

- 2013
- Billy Marcus
- Wanted something other than for the Silk Road
- "Fun" cryptocurrency
- Started as a joke
- Done stuff for charity

- 2014 price shoots up
- Bitcoin plummets
- All others too
- Early 2017 crypto prices start to rise again

## Key concepts

Privacy

Microtransactions

- Very low fees
- Very functional
- Good for tipping

Support

- Doge4water
- NASCAR
- Jamaican Bobsled team 2014 fund-raiser



## Use cases

- Tipping, especially on
- Reddit
- Twitter
- Twitch

## Competitors

- Redcoin

## Speed

[1 min average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

## Pros

- Widely used
- Low fees
- Very functional

# Decred - DCR (30)

## Home

[decred.org](https://www.decred.org/)

## Videos

[Daily Deals with Tim](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aV6CsfZ19Yk)

## Key concepts

Decentralized credit

Community-based governance in the blockchain

Hybrid mining system *

- Provide a balance between the miners and the users

Development

- Anyone can submit feature proposals
- Funding comes from the blockchain

Governance

- Layered
- Extends beyone the miners and users
- Complicated, but seems interesting

Decred Constitution

- Comprehensive
- Seems good

Payments to Litecoin

- Instananeous
- Low fees

## Pros

- Seems a bit more stable than many coins
- Very open about where the %'s of coins come from
- Allows anyone to participate in ecosystem
- Lots of info

## Cons

- A bit complicated

# Electroneum - ETN

## Videos

[Cointelegraph](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQdSShCgOyQ)

## History

- First British crypto
- Fork of Monero

## Focus

- Mobile gaming
- Online gambling

## Key concepts

App

Simplicity

- Take technical out of technical knowledge
- And knowledge ;-)

QR code scanning

- For sending and receiving

Anonymity

## Speed

[75 mins average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

## Problems

- DDoS hack that kept people out of wallet for several days
- Slow takeoff

## Investment

- Worst
- Much lower than when started

# Horizen / Zencash - ZEN

## Home

[horizen.global](https://www.horizen.global/)

## Videos

[Decentralized TV](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tKOkzwm9hw)

## History

- Formerly Zencash

## Focus

- Privacy
- Scalability

## Key concepts

Anonymity / privacy

- To a degree?

Zk-snarks

- From Zcash

IPFS

- Used to publish info anonymously ???

Secure

- 7000 nodes
- Node-to-node encryption

## Problems

- 51% attack (June 2018)

- Confusing how it can be used

## Pros

- Relatively stable price compared to many



# Litecoin - LTC (7)

## History

- October 2011
- Charlie Lee created it

- May 2017 became first of top 5 cryptocurrencies to adopt segregated witness
- Later in May first transaction on the Lightening Network

## Key concepts

Bitcoin code

- Just a modification of the original Bitcoin code
- Not

Block time

- Reduced block time from 10m to 2.5m (compared to Bitcoin)
- Quicker transactions
- Lower costs for transactions

Algorithm

- First crypto to use s-criyt algorithm
- See miner

Different kind of miner

- When Bitcoin became popular, lots of hardware to specialize in SHA256
- Took the emphasis away from desktop computers to ASIC's
- Litecoin needed to use a different kind of miner (desktop, for longer)

Specialized hardware

- Antminers

Speed of change

- General faster to adopt new technologies than Bitcoin
- Reached a consenus about segwit and the Lightening network long before Bitcoin
- Bitcoin like a giant tanker, and Litecoin like a speedboat

## Videos

[David Hay](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6s74RCgcrG4)



## Speed

[30 mins average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

## Pros

- People in the Bitcoin camp say 'see what happens on Litecoin first'
- Leader in the older blockchain technologies

## Problems

- Growth could be slowed by advances in Bitcoin
- Benefits of Litecoin over Bitcoin less than in past because changes have been made
- Depends on if transaction times and fees go down with the Lightening network

# Monero - XMR (10)

## History

## Speed

[30 mins average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

# Verge - XVG (41)

## Home

[vergecurrency.com](https://vergecurrency.com/)

## Videos

[Financial Responsibility](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eaJxqDhGUg)

## Focus

- Privacy

## Key concepts

Proof of work

- 5 different algorithms

Stealth addresses

- Dash no
- Verge yes

## Problems

- Hacked twice
- 51%

- Not much development?

## Pros

- Cheap

# Zcash - ZEC (20)

## Home

[z.cash](https://z.cash/)

## Videos

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xDXiJ0i-zQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EufN7C-0fy4

## History

- Not an open-source community
- Company
- 10% of coins for funding
- 1% to non-profit organizations

## Team

- Zooko Wilcox

## Focus

- Anonymity (parties, transaction amounts)

## Key concepts

Anonymity

- All information is encrypted
- Sender
- Recipient
- Values

Zero-knowledge cryptograpgy (Zk-snark)

- NOT AUTOMATIC
- Proof-of-Construction
- Allows the network to maintain a secure ledger of balances
- Does not disclose parties or amounts involved in transactions
- Uses zero knowledge proofs / cryptography

- Needs to satisfy certain parameters
- Completeness (if true an honest verifier can be convinced by an honest prover)
- Soundness (if prover dishonest, verifier can't be convinced)
- Zero-knowledge (if statement true, the verifier won't know what the statement says)

Founders reward

- Tax on mining rewards

Bitcoin HTTP, Zcash HTTPS

Transaction types

- Transparent
- Shielded

Address types

- Transparent (T-) Addresses
- Shielded (Z-) Addresses
- Online wallets tend to only support T-Addresses

- Hardware wallets only T-Addresses
- Exchange wallets only T-Addresses

- Need to run local wallets for full private wallets

## Speed

[15 mins average](https://www.abitgreedy.com/transaction-speed/)

## Questions

- Details of the ZK-snark algorithm

## Lists

# Cryptonote coins

https://cryptonote.org/coins/

- Bytecoin - BCN
- Boolberry - BBR
- Dashcoin - DSH (not DASH)
- DigitalNote - XDN
- DarkNetCoin - DCN
- Fantomcoin - FCN
- Monero - XMR
- Pebblecoin - XPB
- Quazarcoin - QCN
- AEON

- DoctorByte (DB)
- Infinium-8 (INF8)
- MonetaVerde (MCN)
- Dosh (DOSH)
- Magnatoj
- RedWind (RD)
- Tavos (XTV)